Cyprus, a member of the European Union since 2004, is actively seeking to join the Schengen zone. President Nicos Christodoulidis has stated that the country intends to complete all technical preparations for Schengen accession by the end of 2025.

Current status and steps towards integration

In July 2023, Cyprus joined the Schengen Information System (SIS II), becoming the 34th participant, including 25 EU Member States and 4 associated countries, to fully utilize the system. SIS II is a key tool for border management and internal security in Europe, facilitating the exchange of information on persons and objects of interest between national authorities.

The Schengen Information System (SIS) is a key tool for the functioning of the Schengen area. It is the world’s largest security database, providing participating countries with rapid access to information needed to combat crime, terrorism and illegal migration.

SIS ensures co-ordination between law enforcement, border guards and justice authorities, enabling effective response to security threats and maintaining order in the free movement zone.

Main functions of SIS

1. Identification of persons and objects: SIS holds data on persons who:
   • Are criminal suspects;
   • Are subject to extradition or arrest;
   • Pose a threat to national security.
2. Vehicle Control: The database includes information on vehicles that may be used in criminal activity, including stolen vehicles.
3. Border Protection: The system allows for rapid verification of data on persons entering and exiting across the EU’s external borders to prevent illegal entry.
4. Asset Recovery: SIS includes information on stolen items, including documents, weapons and cultural property.

Benefits of Accession

Accession to the Schengen Area will bring significant benefits to Cyprus, including increased tourism and investment. Free movement within Schengen will facilitate travel and business connections, contributing to the island’s economic growth.

Challenges and legislative aspects

One of the main obstacles to accession is the Green Line, a buffer zone separating the Republic of Cyprus and the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. If Cyprus becomes part of the Schengen area, the Green Line will become the EU’s external border, requiring the introduction of passport controls at crossing points. This change could increase tensions and would require amendments to existing EU regulations governing movement across the divided island.

International cooperation

Cyprus is also working to abolish the visa regime with the U.S. for its citizens. A U.S. delegation is expected to visit the island soon to discuss this issue, which would be an important step in strengthening Cyprus’ international ties.

Impact of SIS on Cyprus’ prospects for Schengen accession

The connection of Cyprus to the SIS was a landmark step demonstrating the country’s readiness to integrate into the Schengen area. Thanks to the system:

• The level of trust from other EU countries has increased;
• Increased security measures on the island;
• Improved international coordination in the fight against crime.

At the same time, in order to ensure full compliance with Schengen requirements, Cyprus will have to:

• Further strengthening of border controls;
• Full harmonization of national legislation with European standards;
• Addressing the political issues related to the Green Line.

Economic Aspects of Cyprus’ Integration into the Schengen Area

Increase in tourist flow

Cyprus, which is a popular tourist destination, could significantly increase the flow of tourists after joining the Schengen zone. Schengen eliminates the need for a separate visa for travel, making it easier for citizens of member countries to access the island.

• Tourism dynamics: According to the Cyprus Statistical Service, about 4 million tourists visited the island in 2024, of which more than 70% came from EU countries. In case of accession to Schengen, analysts predict a 15-20% increase in tourist flow in the first two years.
• Potential benefits: Direct tourism revenues account for about 20% of Cyprus’ GDP. Increased visitor numbers can contribute to infrastructure development, job creation and revenue growth in related industries such as transportation, hospitality and catering.

Attracting investment

Cyprus’ accession to the Schengen zone creates a more favorable investment climate.
This is due to the elimination of bureaucratic barriers, simplification of logistics and increased confidence of international investors.

• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): According to a report by the European Investment Commission, joining Schengen increases foreign direct investment by 8-12% in the first three years after integration. For Cyprus, this could mean increased investment in real estate, the energy sector and financial services.
• Financial sector: With Schengen integration, Cyprus can strengthen its position as an international financial center by attracting companies interested in operating in the EU market.

Political and social challenges

The Green Line and its impact on integration

The main obstacle to Cyprus’ accession to the Schengen zone remains the “green line” – the demarcation zone separating the southern and northern parts of the island.

• Geopolitical complexities: The Green Line becomes a potential external border of the Schengen area, requiring the introduction of border controls, despite its current status as a buffer zone under UN auspices.
• Potential Risks: Failure to fully control the northern part of the island could draw criticism from other EU countries fearing an increase in illegal migration through Cyprus.

Social attitudes

The integration of Cyprus into Schengen is generating mixed reactions among the population.

• Popular support: According to a survey conducted in 2024 by the Nicosia Institute for Social Research, 68% of Cypriots support joining the Schengen area, seeing it as an advantage for the economy and free movement.
• Concerns: Some 22% expressed concern about a possible increase in migration flows and a threat to the island’s cultural identity. This indicates the need for information campaigns to explain the benefits and address possible concerns.

Conclusion

Cyprus’ aspiration to join the Schengen Area reflects its efforts to further integrate into European structures and strengthen its position in the international arena. However, in order to achieve this goal, significant political and technical obstacles need to be overcome, requiring coordinated action at both the national and international levels.